MID - TERM /Panisa Intasorn(ปานิศา อินทศร)

MID - TERM /Panisa Intasorn(ปานิศา อินทศร)
1. Explain the correlation of the idea that language is used as a correlation between gestures and meaning?
A. GESTURES_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _MEANING
Language as a correlation between gestures and meaning , so if we want to understand the language very well, but at first we must understand gestures .Gesture have two meaning :oral or manual. They are need to express meaning , sometime we only need use a gesture give someone understand what are you say. Language as a correlation between gestures and meaning
It is not the case that every possible meaning that can be expressed is correlated with a unique, nuanalyzable gesture, be it oral or manual. Rather, each language has a stock of meaning-bearing elements and different ways of combining them to express different meanings, and these ways of combining then are themselves meaningful. The two English sentences Chris gave the notebook to Dana and Dana gave the notebook to Chris contain exactly the same meaning-bearing element, i.e. words, but they have different meanings because the words are combined differently in them. These different combinations falls into the realm of syntax; the to sentences differ not in terms of the words in them but rather in terms of their syntax. Syntax can thus be given the following characterization.

B.GESTURES_ _ _ _ _ _ARRANGEMENT_ _ _ _ _ MEANING
Syntax is a central component of human language. It is about sentence , meaning structure .words .Morphology is concerned with the structure of words and morphological analysis is the process by which linguists complex words down into their component parts. Arrangement means how to organize oral gestures in language to express, it is different Syntax. Though sometime it use different way to express mean , but their meaning are same. All of the examples looked at so far involve simple sentences, but one of the most important syntactic properties of language is that simple sentences can be combined in various ways to form complex sentences. Terms of figure one could say that syntax makes possible the formulation of expressions with complex meanings out of elements with simple meanings. One of the defining features of human language is its unlimited nature; that is, the number of meaningful expressions that can be produced by users of a human language is potentially infinite, and this expressive potential comes from the combination of the basic meaningful elements with syntactic principles. Much of the interest in language in psychology and cognitive science comes from what the study of the cognitive mechanisms underlying language use and acquisition can reveal about the human mind.

2. To under stand Syntax perfectly well, we need to under the other linguistic branch ‘Morphology.’ Why is that? Can you try to analyze using the following data.
Morphology is important because the structure of words that are than arranged by Syntax .If Syntax in concerned word or gesture arrangement in language the Morphology is concerned with word structure .

a. *Barking dogs dose not bite
The structure of does is wrong should be do (the dogs –they third person plural)
ประโยคนี้ไม่จำเป็นต้องใส่ es ตรง do , ประโยคนี้ผิด grammar เพราะ กริยาไม่สอดคล้องกับประธาน
b. *All men is create equal!
Should be “All men are created equal” the subject and verb should agree - ed is added to create – to show passive tense.
ประโยคนี้ผิด grammar เพราะ กริยาไม่สอดคล้องกับประธาน
c. *How long is your feet ? One foot
Should : How long are your feet ? foot is the same feet , but we know the – ee- means plural and – oo- means singular.
ประโยคนี้เป็นประโยคกำกวม คำตอบตอบไม่ตรงคำถาม

3. Experience of Language_ _ _ _language faculty_ _ _ _Grammar of L
- Competence/performance
Competence is a 100 percent lie in ours brain, can be ourselves feel, but don’t someone discover, the speakers have the linguistic knowledge of the language.The ability to do something well.ความรู้ในภาษานั้น ๆ
Performance is a production competence ,can be someone feel, but they don’t 100 percent correct .Because sometime we will speak mistake or speak fast no clear.การแสดงออกทางภาษาที่สามารถแสดงออกได้อย่างดี
- Species-specific
It’s a filed of linguistic concerned with human language .It’s explains human language and human language behavior as Species-specific.สิ่งที่มีอยู่ในสมองมนุษย์ ภาษาและความรู้ทางภาษาซึ่งแบ่งออกมาเป็นความรู้ทางเสียง ทางไวยากรณื และความหมาย เป็นคุณลักษณะเฉพาะของมนุษย์(Species-Specific) เท่านั้น)
- Linguistic Acquisition Device—LAD
Noam Chomsky proposed this as an ”Organ” of the brain at humans art born with and is a device for language acquisition.มนุษย์มีสิ่งที่เรียกว่าอุปกรณ์ทางภาษา(LAD)ติดมากับสมองและเป็นตัวส่งเสริมให้เด็กเรียนรู้ภาษาเมื่อได้รับประสบการณ์ทางภาษาจากสังคมที่มีอยู่
- Principles and Parameter Theory-PPT
This was mostly theory formulated(framework)by Noam Chomsky . Principles common to all language .A sentence need a subject . Parameter lead to Syntactic variability language . Principles and Parameter are consider as part of a genetically natural Universal grammar.คุณลักษณะเฉพาะทางภาษาซึ่งจะค่อยๆ ปรับกลายมาเป็นความรู้ในภาษานั้น
How are these terms related? Explain each term
Competence /performance ,Species-specific ,Linguistic Acquisition Device ,Principles and parameter Theory these term are correlation ,they are in modern linguistics

4. Compare Thai and English in terms of the followings:
a. Case
ไทย - เหตุการณ์ต่างๆที่เกิดขึ้น
English - Argument,facts and reasons in support of or aganist something, situation; circumstance

b. Number
ไทย - จำนวนนับ
English – amount,count

c. Sentence/Phrase Structure
ไทย – โครงสร้างประโยค/วลี คือคำที่ถูกรวมด้วยกันเพื่อสร้างสำนวนร่วมด้วยกันเพื่อสร้างมาตราและมาตราถูกรวมด้วยกันเพื่อสร้างประโยคซับซ้อน
English - Sentence /Phrase Structure are correlation, but they are different. Words are combined together to form phrases are combined together to form clause s, and clause are combined together to form complex sentence .

5. Employ any means to show clearly the concept of “Constituent’ and ‘Construction’ of the following sentence.
John normally smokes cigarettes in the morning.
John is a nominative(subject), smokes is the main verb ,cigarettes is the complement(object),in the morning is adjuncts,in(preposition),the(DET)

6. Underline the equal constituent with the underlined one.
Example : They will try to reduce taxes and increase pension.
a. Micheal Moore wrote a book about the President George Bush and Donal Rumsfeld

b. Kenny G performed his concert in Bangkok and in Uttaradit

c. His Majesty the King is highly regarded not only as the talented Jazz musician but also as the great scientist.