Midterm วัชราภรณ์ คำนาน

Midterm Test for Syntax

1. Explain the correlation of the idea that language is used as a correlation between gestures and meaning ?
GESTURES- - - - -MEANING
Syntax is a central component of human language. Language has often been characterized as a systematic correlation between certain types of gestures and meaning as represented simplistically in Language as a correlation between gestures and meaning.


B. GESTURES- - - - -ARRANGEMENT- - - - -MEANING
Thus a more complex picture of the nature of language emerges than that given in language as a correlation between gestures and meaning. All of the examples looked at so far involve simple sentence, but one of the most important syntactic properties of language is that simple sentences can be combined in various ways to from complex sentence.


2. To understand Syntax perfectly well, we need to under the other linguistic branch ‘morphology’. Why is that? Can you try to analyze using the following data.

A. *Braking dogs does not bite
ประธาน กับ verb ไม่ agree กัน เพราะ dogs เป็น พหูพจน์ จะใช้ does not ไม่ได้ จะต้องใช้ do not จึงจะถูกไวยากรณ์

B. *All men is create equal

men เป็นพหูพจน์ไม่ต้องใช้ all ก็ได้ , is เป็น verb and create เป็น verb แท้ verb ทั้งสองนี้จะใช้ด้วยกันไม่ได้ ถ้าจะใช้ ด้วยกัน create จะต้องเติม ed, ing


C. *How long is your feet? One foot

เป็นคำถามที่ไม่สมบูรณ์เพราะไม่รู้ว่า one foot เป็นเท้า 1 ข้าง หรือเป็นเครื่องชี้วัดที่เรียกว่า 1 ฟุต ถ้าจะทำประโยคคำถามให้สมบูรณ์จะต้องใช้ How long is your foot? แค่นี้ก็รู้ว่าเท้า 1 ข้างของคุณยาวเท่าไร เพราะคำว่า foot หมายถึงเท้า 1 ข้างอยู่แล้ว ไม่จำเป็นต้องใช้ one foot.




3. Experience of Language- - - - -language faculty- - - - - Grammar of L
Children acquire a language will observe people around them and set of expressions in language which a child hears in the course of acquiring the language constitute the child’s linguistic experience of the language. Experience serves as input to the child’s language faculty. The input to the language faculty is the child’s experience and the output of the language faculty is a grammars of the language being acquired.

- Competence/performance
Competence : a term used to represent native speaker’s knowledge of the grammar of their native language.
Performance : a term which denotes observed language be haviour.

- Species – specific
whatever evidence we do have seems to me to support the view that the ability to acquire and use language is a species-specific human capacity, that there are very deep and restrictive principles that determine that nature of human language and are rooted in the specific character of human mind.

- Linguistic Acquisition Device - - - LAD
The Language Acquisition Device(LAD) is a postulated “organ” of the brain that is supposed to function as a congenital device for learning symbolic language (ie.language acquisition). First proposed by Noam Chomsky, the LAD concept is a component of the nativity theory of language which dominates contemporary formal linguistic, which asserts that humans are born which the instinct or “innate facility” for acquiring language.
First language acquisition concerns the development of language in children, while second language acquisition focuses on language development in adults as well.

- Principles-and-Parameter Theory/PPT
This theory, developed in Chomsky and much subsequent work, claims that natural language grammars in corporate not only a set of innate universal principles which accent for those aspects of grammar which are common to all language but also a set for parameters which account for those aspects of grammar which very from one language to another.


4. Compare Thai and English in terms of the following.
A. Case
ในภาษาอังกฤษกริยาจะเปลี่ยนไป แต่ในภาษาไทยกริยาจะไม่เปลี่ยน

B. Number
ในภาษาไทยอ่านได้อย่างเดียว คือ 1 2 3 แต่ในภาษาอังกฤษอ่านได้ 2 แบบ คือ one two three และ first second third แล้วแต่จะใช้ในแต่ละกรณี

C. Sentence/Phrase Structure
ประโยคในภาษาไทยกับภาษาอังกฤษมีความคล้ายกัน คือ มีการเรียงรูปประโยคขึ้นต้นด้วย ประธาน กริยา กรรม ( S+V+Obj ) ในบางประโยคไม่จำเป็นต้องมีกรรมมารองรับ ซึ่งจะเข้าใจความหมายในตัวของมันเอง ตัวอย่างเช่น I stand , I’m sleeping


5. Employ any means to show clearly the concept of ‘Constituent’ and ‘Contructrion’ of the following sentence.



John normally smokes cigarettes in the morning.
S



NP VP(normally smokes cigarettes in the morning)




N (Present) VP Adverbial



John S normally smokes cigarettes in the morning




Adverb V N Prep Determiner N




Normally smokes cigarettes in the morning


มี 6 construction 13 constituent


6. Underline the equal with the underlined one.
A. Micheal Moore wrote a book about the President George Bush and Donal
Rumsfeld.

B. Kenny G performed his concert in Bangkok and in Uttaradit.

C. His Majesty the King is highly regarded not only as the talented Jazz musician

but also as the great scientist.


Name: Watcharaporn Kamnan

ID: 48043020166 Sect.01

E-mail:Watcharaporn_Kamnan@yahoo.com